Construction 2021: A year in review
Simon Rowland, Partner and Head of Construction and Engineering, and Michelle Essen, Managing Associate, Womble Bond Dickinson
THERE is no doubt that 2021 was a tough year for the construction industry. Global disruption from the pandemic, Brexit and environmental disasters have left their mark on the sector. In the latest Office for National Statistics (ONS) figures, construction outputs fell for the third month in a row. Figures for July and August slumped back to their lowest point since February, hitting 58.7 on the UK index – a sharp reduction from the 24-year high of 66.3 in June.
With the sector at an apparent impasse and sustainability increasingly high on the global agenda, modern methods of construction (MMC) look more and more likely to be a key part in addressing the struggles faced by the construction industry. In the face of such a dramatic drop in productivity, industry heavyweights are putting their stakes on MMC. For example, volume housebuilder Barratt has reported that 25% of the 12,243 homes built by the end of its most recent financial year used MMC. As 2021 draws to a close, it’s time to consider new construction solutions for a new world.
Brexit and supply chain issues
In January 2020, we saw the UK finally leave the European Union almost four years after the Brexit referendum. While the UK-EU Trade and Co-operation Agreement has protected trades from any further tariffs, additional red tape and border checks have inevitably slowed down the movement of construction supplies. Given that 80% of timber used in the UK is imported, wildfires and insect damage in supplier countries such as Canada and Sweden have had a detrimental impact on stock.
The shortage of materials has resulted in a price hike that cannot be underestimated. The Timber Price Index hit 92.13 in May 2021. The Timber Trade Federation (TTF) reported that timber prices surged by 50% between January and May 2021. Added to that, the October 2021 data from the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) showed that structural steel costs were 72.6% higher than the year previous, and in November we saw steel prices increase for the seventh time in 2021. With these and other shortages across the board, it’s a perfect storm for disruption in an industry built on tight margins.
While MMC is not the silver bullet to addressing the materials crisis and certainly not a short-term solution for everyone, MMC’s added benefits of less waste and less weather damage could clearly help the industry.
Housing crisis
The UK housing crisis is reaching fever pitch, with house prices rising faster than every other economic metric.
With these and other shortages across the board, it’s a perfect storm for disruption in an industry built on tight margins.
The government itself has said that a significant proportion of homes must be built using MMC if we are to meet the target to deliver 300,000 homes annually. Areas such as the South East of England in particular are in desperate need of housing, but lack the local skilled workforces required to carry out on-site construction.
MMC presents an opportunity to tackle the housing crisis in key areas of the country, while at the same time supporting local communities in different areas of the country through investment in MMC manufacturing sites, thus aiding the levelling up agenda.
Skills shortage
In June 2021, the ONS reported that the number of EU workers seeking jobs in the UK has dropped by 17%. But unlike the supply issues, the UK’s skills shortage began long before the UK’s departure from the EU. In 2018, the ONS reported that construction had fallen out of the list of top 10 jobs for people aged 22-29.
MMC has the potential to create tens of thousands of jobs for UK workers – it is estimated that if 75,000 modular homes are constructed per year it could create 50,000 new jobs. The challenge, however, lies in attracting new talent to the industry and keeping workers engaged. The solution to this may be to appeal to a younger, increasingly environmentally conscious workforce, who wants to make a positive contribution to society in a sustainable industry. MMC offers a route to greener buildings, and this could make the sector more attractive to younger workers.
Move to sustainability
2021 has been the year of sustainability. As we strive for a green recovery, electric vehicles, plant-based industries, renewable energy technologies and more have been at the forefront of both government and industry objectives for the future. Momentum has grown throughout the year, gathering pace in the lead up to COP26. This represents a major global shift towards reducing CO2 emissions to protect the planet. As we embark on a decade of climate action, MMC has an opportunity to fill a gap in the housing market for homes that contribute to net zero targets. MMC enables geographical fluidity which then contributes to a reduction of onsite pollution levels and material waste. It bolsters the argument for focusing on a method of building with a lower environmental impact.
What can we expect in 2022?
2022 for the construction industry is likely to bring the continued development of many of the themes mentioned above. MMC will remain high on the agenda, with continued investment and learnings by the industry. There will be further discussions around how to incentivise increased use of MMC, part of which will be driven also by the need to standardise MMC so it is more easily and more widely adoptable.
Businesses which are not pure construction will increasingly look to the construction industry to help them meet their net zero objectives.Materials and labour and skills shortages are here to stay for the immediate future. It will take time for the dust to settle on materials shortages, for the industry to work out how to increase efficiencies and reduce waste, and to find new or alternative supply chains or materials. For labour and skills shortages, it will take time for training to take place to increase the number of HGV drivers, for apprentices to become qualified, and for the industry to attract younger talent. While the conversations around these issues will continue, positive steps are being taken – but the pace of change will depend on how quickly we learn from each other around what works (or doesn’t work), and how we share those learnings.
Net zero will increasingly be at the forefront of businesses’ minds, not just in the construction industry but across the board. Businesses which are not pure construction will increasingly look to the construction industry to help them meet their net zero objectives. The conversation will also widen from net zero to ESG (environment, social and governance).
Finally, we will be hearing a lot more about building safety, as the Building Safety Bill is likely to be given royal assent, the new Residential Property Developer Tax will apply from April 2022, and outcomes from the Grenfell Inquiry will start to filter through. These will bring significant changes for the construction industry and difficult but necessary conversations will flow from these.
All of the above are interdependent – building safety and net zero are all relevant to ESG. ESG will include looking at how our workforce is made up, for example, from a diversity and inclusion perspective and the more diverse and inclusive the industry is, the more likely it is to attract young workers and new talent. This is turn will help address the skills and labour shortage. Skills and labour are needed to help physically deliver materials, to innovate solutions around materials shortages, and to deliver on MMC. MMC can then help businesses deliver on ESG through less waste, lower embodied carbon processes, and increased safety.
While we know the last couple of years in the construction industry have been tough, we can see the virtuous circle here, and a lot of potential for the year to come.
Simon Rowland, Partner and Head of Construction and Engineering
and Michelle Essen, Managing Associate,
Womble Bond Dickinson